ENG 151 · GEBZE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Ancient knowledge and practical ingenuity
Lecture 02 · early civilizations to late antiquity
The central question
How did practical needs help people develop systematic knowledge?
What we will explore
- Mesopotamia and Egypt: recording, measurement, calendars, medicine, and practical needs
- Greek and Hellenistic explanation and instruments; Roman applications; selected Indian and Chinese contributions and connections
By the end of the lecture
Explain how practical problems, observation, and mathematical reasoning supported different kinds of knowledge.
Read the lecture
A continuous, illustrated reading of Lecture 2, with explanations, historical examples, and review answers.
Read the illustrated booklet →Lecture slides
The complete 49-slide presentation, including review answers and reference material.
Download slides (PDF · 49 pages) ↓